Eusebius as a Promoter of Irenaeus and His Canon

Introduction

The relationship between Eusebius of Caesarea and Irenaeus of Lyon plays a crucial role in the development and establishment of the early Christian canon. Peter E. Lorenz, in his detailed study, posits that Eusebius was not only a promoter of Irenaeus but also instrumental in shaping the perception and authority of Irenaeus's works, especially in the context of biblical canon formation.

Eusebius's Antiquarian Sensibility

Eusebius, writing in the early fourth century, exhibited a strong preference for antiquity, frequently extolling the virtues of ancient texts and authorities. He emphasized the importance of "approved and ancient copies" of Christian writings and consistently appealed to the authority of early Christian authors. This approach, as Lorenz suggests, created a favorable environment for the promotion of texts that aligned with these antiquarian values.

Eusebius's historiographical methods involved idealizing Christian origins and portraying church history as a progressive revelation of apostolic truth. This narrative reinforced the authenticity and orthodoxy of texts and teachings that could be traced back to the apostles and their immediate successors.

Irenaeus in Eusebius's Narrative

Irenaeus of Lyon, a prominent second-century bishop, was one of the early Christian writers who benefitted from Eusebius's approach. Eusebius frequently cited Irenaeus as an authoritative source, emphasizing his proximity to the apostolic era. Irenaeus's works, particularly "Against Heresies," were used to validate orthodox teachings and discredit heretical ones.

Lorenz highlights how Eusebius's reverence for Irenaeus contributed to the latter's enduring influence in the fourth century and beyond. Eusebius's Historia Ecclesiastica (Church History) is replete with references to Irenaeus, portraying him as a guardian of apostolic tradition and a bulwark against heresy.

Influence on Codex Bezae

The Codex Bezae, produced around 400 CE, exemplifies the antiquarian spirit that Lorenz attributes to the influence of Eusebius and his contemporaries. The codex's text reflects an intentional alignment with ancient authorities, including Irenaeus. Lorenz argues that the producers of Codex Bezae may have engaged in a subtle process of archaization, incorporating readings that aligned with esteemed early writers to enhance the text's perceived antiquity and legitimacy.

This phenomenon is particularly evident in the parallels between Codex Bezae and Irenaeus's citations of Acts. The marginal notes in manuscripts such as GA 1739, which refer to Irenaeus and other early authorities, suggest a deliberate effort to compile and preserve ancient readings. These practices underscore the significant role that Eusebius's antiquarian ideals played in the textual transmission and canonization processes of the early church.

Eusebius's Enduring Influence

Eusebius's impact on the perception and authority of Irenaeus extended beyond his own writings. Fourth- and fifth-century church fathers, including Epiphanius, Jerome, Ambrosiaster, and Augustine, echoed Eusebius's veneration of ancient authorities. They often cited Irenaeus to support their arguments, reinforcing his status as a touchstone of orthodoxy.

Basil of Caesarea and Theodoret of Cyrrhus, for instance, upheld Irenaeus as a model of apostolic orthodoxy. Basil introduced Irenaeus with the demonstrative phrase "Εἰρηναῖος ἐκεῖνος" (that Irenaeus), indicating his eminent status. Similarly, Theodoret's florilegia often began with citations from Irenaeus, highlighting his role as a foundational figure in the development of Christian doctrine and canon.

Conclusion

Peter E. Lorenz's analysis of Eusebius's promotion of Irenaeus underscores the intricate interplay between antiquity, authority, and canon formation in early Christianity. Eusebius's reverence for ancient texts and authors set the stage for the enduring influence of Irenaeus, whose works were used to authenticate orthodox teachings and discredit heretical ones. The legacy of this antiquarian sensibility is evident in the textual practices of the period, exemplified by manuscripts like Codex Bezae. This historical context enriches our understanding of the development of the Christian canon and the pivotal role played by figures like Eusebius and Irenaeus.