The Sect Called Ἀντιτάκτας: Unveiling Clement of Alexandria's Critique

In his works, Clement of Alexandria mentions a sect referred to as the Ἀντιτάκτας. This term has sparked considerable intrigue and debate among scholars and enthusiasts of early Christian history. The term is rare and not widely documented, adding to the mystery and significance of Clement's reference. Let's delve into the context and meaning of this term and explore Clement's critique of this sect.

Understanding the Term Ἀντιτάκτας

The word Ἀντιτάκτας is derived from the Greek verb ἀντιτάσσω (antitassō), which means "to range in battle against" or "to resist." The basic noun form, ἀντίταξις (antitaxis), means "resistance." In this context, Ἀντιτάκτας refers to those who resist or oppose, particularly in a spiritual or doctrinal sense.

Clement's Reference to the Ἀντιτάκτας

In Stromata 3.4.34.3, Clement uses this term:

Ἄλλοι τινές, οὓς καὶ Ἀντιτάκτας καλοῦμεν, λέγουσιν ὅτι ὁ μὲν θεὸς ὁ τῶν ὅλων πατὴρ ἡμῶν ἐστι φύσει, καὶ πάνθ' ὅσα πεποίηκεν ἀγαθά ἐστιν·

Translated, this means:

"Others, whom we also call Ἀντιτάκτας, say that God, the Father of all, is by nature our Father, and all that He has made is good."

Clement uses the term to describe a group that resists the conventional understanding of divine law and order. These individuals oppose the established interpretations and practices, which Clement attributes to a deeper theological and moral resistance.

The Context of Clement's Critique

Clement's mention of the Ἀντιτάκτας occurs within a broader critique of various heretical and libertine groups. Starting at Stromata 3.4.25, he discusses those who resist the Old Testament God, using Marcion as an example. By 3.4.34, he shifts his focus to libertines, using "resisters" as a catch-all term for those whose opposition manifests as breaking divine laws.

The Nature of the Ἀντιτάκτας' Opposition

Clement suggests that the Ἀντιτάκτας not only resist doctrinally but also exhibit immoral behavior. This resistance is both theological and ethical, challenging the established norms of Christian conduct and belief. Their opposition is seen as a corruption of scripture and divine law, leading to a life that defies the moral expectations of the early Christian community.

Historical and Theological Implications

Clement's critique of the Ἀντιτάκτας highlights the diverse and contentious landscape of early Christianity. The emergence of various sects and interpretations underscores the struggles within the early church to define orthodoxy and maintain doctrinal purity. The Ἀντιτάκτας represent a faction that resisted these efforts, promoting an alternative understanding of God and morality.

Conclusion

The sect called Ἀντιτάκτας, as described by Clement of Alexandria, provides a fascinating glimpse into the early Christian debates on doctrine and morality. This group, characterized by its resistance to established divine laws and moral standards, exemplifies the challenges faced by early church leaders in preserving orthodoxy. Clement's critique serves as a reminder of the dynamic and often contentious nature of early Christian theological development. Through his writings, we gain insight into the complexities of early Christian thought and the ongoing struggle to define the true nature of faith and practice.