Why Do the Gospels Speak of "Ascending" to Jerusalem?

The frequent references to "ascending" to Jerusalem in the Gospels have intrigued scholars and readers alike. This seemingly unusual choice of language raises questions about its origins and significance. Here, we delve into why this term is used and explore its possible implications and connections.

The Concept of "Ascending" in the Gospels

In the Gospels, the term "ascending" to Jerusalem appears multiple times. For instance, Mark 10:32 states:

"They were on their way up to Jerusalem, with Jesus leading the way, and the disciples were astonished, while those who followed were afraid."

This usage is notable because it implies a physical and spiritual elevation, even though Jerusalem is only slightly above sea level compared to other regions. The choice of words may seem unusual, but it has deep roots in the Jewish tradition and scripture.

Geographical and Symbolic Significance

1. Geographical Context: One practical reason for this terminology could be the topography of the region. The journey from Jericho to Jerusalem involves a significant elevation gain, as Jericho is about 846 feet below sea level, and Jerusalem is approximately 2,474 feet above sea level. Thus, traveling to Jerusalem from the Jordan Valley or other lower regions would involve an upward journey.

2. Spiritual Significance: Beyond the physical ascent, there is a strong spiritual connotation. Jerusalem, as the location of the Temple, was seen as the spiritual center of Judaism. Pilgrims "ascended" to Jerusalem not just geographically but also in a spiritual sense, moving closer to God’s presence. This is akin to the concept of "making aliyah," where Jews "ascend" to Israel, which carries both a physical and spiritual meaning.

Scriptural Foundations

The language of ascent is rooted in the Hebrew Bible. For example, in Judges 21:8:

"And they said, 'What one is there of the tribes of Israel who did not come up to the LORD at Mizpah?'"

Here, the phrase "come up" translates the Hebrew word עָלָה (alah), often used to describe going to a place of worship. Similarly, the Psalms of Ascent (Psalms 120-134) are traditionally sung by pilgrims as they "go up" to Jerusalem for the festivals.

Greek Usage in the New Testament

In the New Testament, the Greek terms ἀναβαίνω (anabaino) and ἀνέβη (anebe) are used to describe the act of ascending. Mark 10:32 uses ἀναβαίνοντες (anabainontes), indicating an upward journey. This aligns with the Hebrew tradition of ascending to holy places.

Additionally, the term appears in other contexts, such as Mark 6:51:

"And he went up to them into the ship; and the wind ceased."

While this might seem unusual, it reflects a similar usage found in classical Greek literature, where going "up" can mean approaching or coming near someone or something, suggesting a movement towards a point of significance or authority.

Theological Implications

The consistent use of "ascending" to Jerusalem underscores the city's importance in the Jewish faith and its central role in the narrative of Jesus' life and ministry. It reflects:

• The Centrality of Jerusalem: Jerusalem is not just a city; it is the focal point of Jewish worship and national identity. The act of ascending emphasizes its prominence and sacredness.
• Jesus’ Mission: The ascent to Jerusalem in the Gospels often precedes significant events, particularly the Passion. It symbolizes Jesus’ journey towards fulfilling his destiny and the culmination of his ministry.

Conclusion

The use of "ascending" to Jerusalem in the Gospels is a multi-faceted expression rooted in geographical reality, spiritual tradition, and theological significance. It encapsulates the journey of the faithful towards a place of divine encounter and ultimate fulfillment. This terminology, far from being an anomaly, is a profound reflection of the intertwining of physical and spiritual journeys in the Judeo-Christian tradition.